Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is the science of the eyes and deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of eye conditions and diseases. The most common diseases of the eye and auxiliary organs of the eye in our population are myopia and hyperopia, conjunctivitis of viral, bacterial or allergic origin, eyelid inflammation (blepharitis), cataracts – clouding of the eye lens, glaucoma, eye injuries, retinal diseases (retinopathy), diseases of the eye’s movement muscles, diseases of the optic nerve, etc.

What does ophthalmology serve in our lives?

Complaints that warrant an ophthalmology examination include vision loss in one or both eyes, eye pain, redness of the eye or eyelid, eye injuries, observed changes on the eye and eyelids, dry eyes, etc. Additionally, patients undergoing monitoring for chronic and systemic diseases not primarily originating from the eye, but which can lead to visual function impairment—such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, etc.—should undergo an examination.

Ophthalmologists detect the first changes of numerous diseases and conditions and therefore closely collaborate with many specialists (internists, neurologists, dermatologists, otorhinolaryngologists, pediatricians, etc.). Ophthalmologists recommend regular eye examinations and checks for children and adults regardless of whether they have complaints or not. Additionally, an ophthalmology examination is part of the systematic assessment for drivers and employment.

The ophthalmology examination begins with a conversation with the patient, where they describe their visual complaints (if any), and the doctor asks targeted questions to gather as much relevant information as possible. It then proceeds to the so-called physical examination, during which the ophthalmologist systematically examines the eye and adnexa using specialized instruments and devices. This includes determining visual acuity and prescribing glasses if necessary, examination of the anterior eye segment (eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and anterior chambers), measurement of intraocular pressure, and examination of the posterior eye segment (fundus).

If the situation requires it, the doctor may refer the patient for additional tests to establish the correct diagnosis, such as ocular ultrasound, CT, HRT, OCT, GDx, FA, or FFA.

Frequently asked questions

How often should I visit an ophthalmologist for check-ups?
Regular ophthalmology examinations are recommended, especially after the age of 40, when the risk of various vision problems increases. Eyes should be examined every two to four years, depending on age and eye health status. If you experience any symptoms or vision problems, such as blurred vision, dry eyes, pain, or irritation, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist immediately.

What does an ophthalmology examination include?
An ophthalmology examination includes a series of tests and checks to assess eye health and vision. This may include visual acuity testing, refraction assessment, color vision testing, examination of the anterior and posterior eye segments, intraocular pressure measurement, and other tests as needed.

Which eye diseases can ophthalmologists treat?
Ophthalmologists specialize in treating vision problems and eye diseases, such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, and others.

Is eye surgery safe?
Eye surgery can be safe and effective for treating certain vision problems, such as cataracts or glaucoma. However, as with any surgery, there is a certain risk of side effects or complications. It is important to seek a qualified ophthalmologist and discuss the risks and benefits of the surgery before deciding on it.

How can I protect my eyes from damage?
There are many ways to protect eyes from damage, including wearing protective eyewear when working with hazardous chemicals or tools, wearing sunglasses that block UV rays, reducing screen time on computers or phones, blinking more frequently, and reducing eye strain. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and sufficient sleep, can also help preserve vision.